Essential Concepts
Each concept explains the general idea and sends you to an official page where you can inquire more about the technique.
Array Creation
Make arrays from Python lists, from ranges (arange), from evenly spaced values (linspace), or as blank shapes (zeros, ones, empty). You can also load from your files or use random numbers for practice. Picking the right starting shape saves time later.
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Indexing & Slicing
Choose rows and columns, pick positions, or filter by a condition (a boolean mask). You can also add a new dimension when needed. Most “how do I select…? ” questions are solved here.
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Data Types (dtypes)
Every array has one dtype (for example, whole numbers or decimals). The data type affects speed, memory, and results. You can change it with .astype(...). Mixed or unexpected types cause confusing output.
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Broadcasting
Arrays with size‑1 dimensions can “stretch” so math works across different shapes (for example, adding a 1×4 row to a 3×4 table). This replaces many loops and explains most “shapes don’t match” errors.
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Copies vs Views
A view is a window onto the same data (fast, no extra memory). A copy is a separate array. Slices are usually views. Changing a view can also change the original. Use .copy() when you need independence.
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I/O with NumPy
Load and save small text/CSV‑like files (loadtxt, genfromtxt, savetxt). Bigger binary formats are also available. Moving data in and out is part of almost every assignment.
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Universal Functions (ufuncs)
Built-in, fast functions that act on each element (math, comparisons, logic). They automatically work with broadcasting. These are the building blocks for most array computations.
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Strings & Bytes
Arrays can store short text or bytes. Newer NumPy also has a variable‑width string type. Use when your array includes labels or small text.
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Structured Arrays
Table‑like arrays with named columns and different types for each column. Use when you need record‑style data layouts inside NumPy.
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Python Data Science Essentials by
ISBN: 9781789537864Publication Date: 2018-09-28Gain useful insights from your data using popular data science tools Key Features A one-stop guide to Python libraries such as pandas and NumPy Comprehensive coverage of data science operations such as data cleaning and data manipulation Choose scalable learning algorithms for your data science tasks Book Description Fully expanded and upgraded, the latest edition of Python Data Science Essentials will help you succeed in data science operations using the most common Python libraries. This book offers up-to-date insight into the core of Python, including the latest versions of the Jupyter Notebook, NumPy, pandas, and scikit-learn. The book covers detailed examples and large hybrid datasets to help you grasp essential statistical techniques for data collection, data munging and analysis, visualization, and reporting activities. You will also gain an understanding of advanced data science topics such as machine learning algorithms, distributed computing, tuning predictive models, and natural language processing. Furthermore, You'll also be introduced to deep learning and gradient boosting solutions such as XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. By the end of the book, you will have gained a complete overview of the principal machine learning algorithms, graph analysis techniques, and all the visualization and deployment instruments that make it easier to present your results to an audience of both data science experts and business users What you will learn Set up your data science toolbox on Windows, Mac, and Linux Use the core machine learning methods offered by the scikit-learn library Manipulate, fix, and explore data to solve data science problems Learn advanced explorative and manipulative techniques to solve data operations Optimize your machine learning models for optimized performance Explore and cluster graphs, taking advantage of interconnections and links in your data Who this book is for If you're a data science entrant, data analyst, or data engineer, this book will help you get ready to tackle real-world data science problems without wasting any time. Basic knowledge of probability/statistics and Python coding experience will assist you in understanding the concepts covered in this book. -
Python Graphics by
ISBN: 1484233778Publication Date: 2018-06-21This book will show you how to use Python to create graphic objects for technical illustrations and data visualization. Often, the function you need to produce the image you want cannot be found in a standard Python library. Knowing how to create your own graphics will free you from the chore of looking for a function that may not exist or be difficult to use. This book will give you the tools to eliminate that process and create and customize your own graphics to satisfy your own unique requirements. Using basic geometry and trigonometry, you will learn how to create math models of 2D and 3D shapes. Using Python, you will then learn how to project these objects onto the screen of your monitor, translate and rotate them in 2D and 3D, remove hidden lines, add shading, view in perspective, view intersections between surfaces, and display shadows cast from one object onto another. You will also learn how to visualize and analyze 2D and 3D data sets, fit lines, splines and functions. The final chapter includes demonstrations from quantum mechanics, astronomy and climate science. Includes Python programs written in a clear and open style with detailed explanation of the code. What You Will Learn How to create math and Python models of 2D and 3D shapes. How to rotate, view in perspective, shade, remove hidden lines, display projected shadows, and more. How to analyze and display data sets as curves and surfaces, fit lines and functions. Who This Book Is ForPython developers, scientists, engineers, and students using Python to produce technical illustrations, display and analyze data sets. Assumes familiarity with vectors, matrices, geometry and trigonometry. -
Essential Math for Data Science by
ISBN: 9781098102937Publication Date: 2022-07-05Master the math needed to excel in data science, machine learning, and statistics. In this book author Thomas Nield guides you through areas like calculus, probability, linear algebra, and statistics and how they apply to techniques like linear regression, logistic regression, and neural networks. Along the way you'll also gain practical insights into the state of data science and how to use those insights to maximize your career. Learn how to: Use Python code and libraries like SymPy, NumPy, and scikit-learn to explore essential mathematical concepts like calculus, linear algebra, statistics, and machine learning Understand techniques like linear regression, logistic regression, and neural networks in plain English, with minimal mathematical notation and jargon Perform descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing on a dataset to interpret p-values and statistical significance Manipulate vectors and matrices and perform matrix decomposition Integrate and build upon incremental knowledge of calculus, probability, statistics, and linear algebra, and apply it to regression models including neural networks Navigate practically through a data science career and avoid common pitfalls, assumptions, and biases while tuning your skill set to stand out in the job market